Friday, November 29, 2019
Monday, November 25, 2019
POLAR vs BROWN BEAR essays
POLAR vs BROWN BEAR essays There are eight different species of bears found throughout the world: the spectacled bear, the Asiatic black bear, the brown bear (including grizzlies), the polar bear, the sun bear, the American black bear, the sloth bear and the giant panda. Even though most people can distinguish a polar bear from a brown bear by the color of the fur, a lot of people fail to identify all the differences among those two species. Both bears can be perceived as large, clumsy and lumbering beasts with heavily built bodies but short legs, necks and tails. Both of them have rounded ears and noticeably small eyes relative to their large body size. While both of the bears belong to same family, they have several profound differences. They live in different geographical areas, differ in amount of the population, size, physical features, some eating habits, and their The polar bear is found in all of the polar regions of the entire northern hemisphere. This includes Russia, Norway, Greenland, The United States and Canada. Their preferred habitat is in the area where the northern seas meet the shoreline. In this area, there is a constant freezing and thawing of the ice. It is estimated that there are currently somewhere between 20,000 and 40,000 polar bears. The polar bear is the largest member of the bear family, weighing in at between 440 and 1760 pounds with overall body length 11.5 feet. It can grow much larger, however. In fact, there is a record of an adult polar bear weighing over 2200 pounds. Polar bears have a distinctive all white fur which is important camouflage when hunting on the ice pack. Their actual color of the skin is black which is thought to be an adaptation for better heat retention. Compared to the other bears, the neck of polar bear is much longer. This makes it easier for the ...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4
Memo - Essay Example â€Å"These companies reported they collect this information to create duplicate or back-up files in case of system disruptions; to manage computer resources such; and to hold employees accountable for company policies†(GAO, 2002). Further, we advise all employees and officers that, in the even we receive information regarding our policy violation, their respective electronic transactions are subject to being read and reviewed. This policy covers use of offensive or disruptive language, visiting of offensive websites, improper handling or protection of corporate information and client files and doctoring or altering of corporate files. Altering of financial data is included in this policy as well. information from reaching competitors as well. First, the most sensitive information regarding corporate and client financial information is limited in access, to only those employees who need to information to perform their jobs. Our department has a list of the various levels of access assigned to each employee. Within our department, myself and one technical manager on each shift has access to the highest level access. To keep passwords from accidentally falling into the wrong hands, we also assign new passwords to those with the highest level of access every month. They are sent via email from within our corporate intranet. In addition, those with the highest level of access are only able to log on to the intranet, which is the only method of accessing financial data. We reported, we encourage you to speak to either myself or one of the shift managers, should you ever have the need. We encourage you to also come to us with any rumors or suspicions that your employees may come to you with. Typically such allegations are unfounded, thought it pays to be cautious. Corporate corruption can be described as anything from treating clients to lavish vacations, nights at strip clubs, altering financial statements and many more activities.
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
System Development Process and Information System at Tata Steel Essay - 1
System Development Process and Information System at Tata Steel - Essay Example According to the research findings, social, cultural and organizational issues are affecting the system development and knowledge management process of Tata Steel. The organization has adopted and implemented several knowledge management aspects, processes and strategies in the business operation process in order to maintain its leading and competitive position in Indian as well as global market place. Earlier, Tata Steel was only a general manufacturing organization. But, the organizational management has realised that there are internal issues that may affect the business performance of the organization. The management of the organization purposely adopted knowledge management aspect in the organization operational process to overcome organizational, cultural and social issues. In terms of organizational issues, the management of the organization was only focusing on the centralization process and strict hierarchical structure. This aspect affected system development process as cen tralized organizational structure and culture affected the motivation aspect of both employees other important organizational stakeholders. It is true that, The management of Tata Steel has adopted several programmes and development processes regarding knowledge management, but lack of employee engagement before the KM process affected strategy development and decision making process. Inadequate workplace diversity also created issues for the management of the organization. Before the implementation of knowledge management system in the organizational process, the management of Tata Steel found out some culture-related issues in the management. The employees of the organization were self-centric and they did not feel free to share their views and knowledge with others. It actually affected the collaborative workplace performance of the organization. From the year 2000, the management of Tata Steel effectively and strongly integrated knowledge management strategies and processes in o rder to improve workplace as well as business operation performance.
Monday, November 18, 2019
Pump Characteristics Paper Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Pump Characteristics Paper - Lab Report Example The FM50 is an example of a centrifugal pumping system. The requirements of this pumping mechanism are an area which is clean, and where the fluid being transmitted is of a consistent viscosity. The design of the FM50 centrifugal pump is intended to convert mechanical energy into kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is transmitted to an impeller. The impeller transforms the kinetic energy into potential energy. The change in potential energy translates into a change of pressure in the fluid. The change in pressure in the fluid and the energy which is input enable the FM50 to provide work. Heat is a result of work. The transformation of energy results in an increase in internal energy and heat as a resultant effect. The characteristics of the FM50 pumping mechanism will be explored. These characteristics which will be measured are the following: Head height. Power input Efficiency. The first law of thermodynamics and its implications will be reviewed in this laboratory report. Introduc tion There are two types of pumps. One type of pump is a positive displacement pump. Another type is a roto dynamic pump. This research will examine the latter. Pumps and their components compose about 20% of the global energy demand. Pumping systems are responsible for 25% to 50% of the energy consumptions in a number of plant operations. Roto dynamics have two functions. These functions are: Movement of fluid from one place to another. Movement of fluid through a system in a lubricating or refrigerating function. The parts of a pumping system consist of the following components: Pumps. Prime movers. Piping. Valves Controls and assessment equipment. Pressure flow. The pump and the prime mover consume the most energy in a pumping system (Energy Efficiency Asia.org 2006). The First law of Thermodynamics which was proposed by Sir Isaac Newton mentions that energy can neither be conceived nor destroyed. Energy can only be transformed from one state to another or from one location to an other. Electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy and its heat components. The FM50 pumping system is an example of a centrifugal pumping mechanism. The characteristics of this type of pumping system require that the situations are free of debris (Waukesha Cherry Burrell 2009). The FM50 pumping system is a relatively non complicated machinery item. The machine converts one form of energy into another. The electrical components transform the electrical energy into mechanical energy. In an internal combustion process, electrical energy is converted from chemical energy to mechanical and heat energy. In a steam and gasoline turbine, the mechanical energy of steam pressure converts to kinetic energy as the steam is forced out of a nozzle. A high speed configuration of steam particles from the nozzle of the turbines motor impacts a set of blades and causes the blades to exercise mechanical energy by means of the blade movement. In a pumping system, the pump transforms the en ergy which is derived from a turbine. This energy is transformed from kinetic energy. In the pumping system, the kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy. This potential energy causes the fluid in the pump to gyrate. The gyration of the fluid in the pump represents work. Lit Review The energy is conceived in the roto dynamic pump by rotary movement and its output. The impeller within the pumping mechanism exerts a force on the system. This force causes the energy to transform from mechanical energy which is the impeller exerting a force upon the fluid. The fluid gains kinetic energy in this process. In pumps which are employed for domestic
Saturday, November 16, 2019
The Indian Construction Industry Construction Essay
The Indian Construction Industry Construction Essay Abstract The project mainly depends on the health and safety issues in India and UK construction industry. The Construction industry contributes most of the countrys economy for both UK and India. At the same time the issues related to health and safety is increasing in both the countries. The measures taken on workers safety are insufficient even though workers play a major role in all construction projects. This dissertation mainly focuses on the health and safety of the workers involved in construction projects. During this process the researcher has well understood about the construction industry and has collected background information about the UK construction and Indian construction industry in order to make a sufficient development in the construction industry. In this process the researcher has compared the health and safety issues of the UK and Indian construction industry. For this research, the researcher has used the secondary data research, since the methodology is genuine and it was arduous task to gather materials through books, journals and articles. Chapter I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Construction industry provides employment for around 180 million people and contributes 7% of global employment. The industry is tarnished for its reputation as Dirty, Difficulty and Dangerous the three Ds (Murie, 2007, pp. 5 7). According to International labour organization, the industry which accounts 7% of the global employment is responsible for 30 to 40 percent of worlds fatal injuries. The Construction industry is not a homogeneous sector due to its nature of work involved. It is composed of various competitive firms; the majority is who brought together for one, bespoke project before transferring to other projects. Construction industrys characteristics are in controversial behaviour, lack of co-ordination, lack of customer focus, deprived co-ordination and lack of investment in research and development. In most of the building projects clients raise their demands and cut down the initial capital and ongoing operational and maintenance costs set against an already competitive industry. Construction organisations are under pressure to develop or implement innovative technologies and practices in order to satisfy their demands (sexton et al, 2005). Construction industry has a poor reputation for lack of innovation, and for being slow to adopt new technologies. Occurrence of large number of fatal accidents and poor health and safety concern of the labourers is the main drawback of construction industry. As per International Labour Organization (ILO), in construction industry the rate of fatal accidents is 60,000 per year. Also about 30% of labourers are affected by health problems such as musculoskeletal disorders, back pains and other bone related health issues. All the construction industries are temporary in nature. In most of the projects the progress is delayed mainly due to human errors, which results in contract penalties. The employees of construction industry have a great value at all levels, in particular the construction site managers and the foremen as they have the main responsibility to maintain health and safety in the construction sites. It is very important to be updated with regards to the new legislations and recent developments (Hughes and Ferret, 2008). The main concern over number of years of health and safety issues in construction industry particularly in 2006/2007 when there was a rapid increase of 28% in construction fatalities. The legal health and safety requirements for all places are of numerous and complex. (Hughes and Ferret, 2008). 1.2 Background of the study India is the second fastest growing economy of the world at present. India has recorded one of the highest growth rates in the 1990s (P.R. Swarup. 2006-07).Construction industry in India is the second largest industry. The construction industry employs around 17.62 million worker shall comprise 55% of the unskilled, 27% skilled labour and rest consists of support and technical staff (Kulkarni, 2007). Even though there is a great increase work force, the industry remained labour intensive due to financial constraints often employs hazardous technology and relatively inexpensive this is particularly true for unorganized small scale sectors (Brindha, 2005) The construction projects often face complex situations due to bad weather conditions. Most of the workers in this industry are drawn from low income groups who face predictable occupational injuries and illness. The construction workers die from work related trauma at a rate three times higher and suffer from dermatologic conditions, hearing loss, musculoskeletal, and lung diseases when compare to workers from other industries. In particular, the national cost from lost production, worker compensation and medical care and other related claims remains very high, which contributed cost $7billion annually (NIH, 1993). In India, there are no authentic data in respect of the accident rates, and the prevention and causes taken by the industry. However, one study reported 165 per 1000 workers get injured during construction activities. This is very high compared to the rates in the developed countries and even certain developing countries (Damodaran, 2006). In India, the construction industry is regulated by the following acts. The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulations of Employment and Conduct of Service) Act, 1996. The Building and Other Construction Workers Cess Act, 1996, The Contract Labour Act, 1970. The Inter-State Migrant Labourers of Employment Conditions of Service Act, 1979. Construction workers do not get benefit under the Employees State Insurance Act 1948, but are covered by the Workman Compensation Act, 1923 (Parveen Patil, 2009). The Britains Construction Industry is said to be one of the safest in Europe, and industry is in a period of strong growth with the infrastructure and constructive sectors. The UK construction sector output is the second largest in Europe and contributes about 8.2% of the nations Gross Value Added and 8% of Gross Domestic Product and construction outputs of  £102.4 billion at current percent. The UK construction industry employs more than 2 million people, this is because the mature of work they do have a high incidence of occupational health (Health and Safety, 2011). The Construction industry provides an essential material for homes, schools, hospitals, industries, roads and railways etc. In UK, the laws are strict which encourages the workers to eliminate the accidents. In addition, the preference for health and safety is much higher in UK, than the many other countries and also provide regular Health and Safety training for site supervisors and project engineers. 1.3 Statement of the problem Most of the construction projects are often results in cost delay in completion, due to the fatalities involved in the construction site. The construction workers The construction workers are more prone to accidents, thus the industry is considered as one of the most hazardous industrial sectors. In India, the report from International Labour Organization (ILO, 2009) revealed that every year nearly 50,000 Indian die from illness or work related accidents and in particular construction activities, on an average, 165 workers are injured. However, these figures are higher than UK (Tony Baxendale et al, 2000). In developed countries like United Kingdom, there is strict legal enforcement of safety in the construction industry and also in the implementation of safety management systems which are designed to minimize or eliminate accidents at work place. Safety and health in the Indian construction industry has lagged behind most other industries as evidenced by its disproportional high rate of accidents. There are annual at least 60,000 fatal accidents on construction sites around the world, according to an ILO report published for World Day for saf ety and Health at Work, 2005
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
Comparing Crime and Punishment and Taxi Driver :: comparison compare contrast essays
Crime and Punishment and Taxi Driver He is a man whose psychological workings are dark, twisted, horrifying, and lonely. He is an absurd, anti-hero who is absolutely repulsed by his surroundings, and because he is unable to remove himself from them, he feels justified in removing other people. This profile fits Travis, portrayed by Robert DeNiro in Scorsese's film "Taxi Driver,", and Raskolnikov, the main character of Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. Their revulsion for life leads both men to commit cold-blooded murders, but the story lines contain major differences. By contrasting these differences and comparing the common themes of the classic and the film, we may come to a clearer understanding of the purpose of both stories. The root of both Travis' and Raskolnikov's problems is their complete and utter disgust with the world around them. Travis is a New York City cab driver who drives everywhere and picks up anyone. It doesn't matter to him if the customer is a prostitute who uses his backseat as her workplace. He just drives around with a glazed look of indifference in his eyes, while inside, his heart is overflowing with rage. In contrast, Raskolnikov is an ex-student living in St. Petersburg during the mid 1800's. He is extremely poor, and therefore lives in an area called the Haymarket, where all the whorehouses and bars were located. Every time he goes out, he walks past the dregs of society, which fills his heart with hatred for everyone and everything. Both characters see the world to be completely evil and devoid of all goodness, and this existential view drives them to become exactly what they so desperately hate. Their revolt against ugliness pulls both characters towards the most ugly of all deeds - murder. Travis dreams that "someday a real rain will come and wipe this scum off the streets." He feels some sort of divine calling to actually become this "real rain." Similarly, Raskolnikov plots to sacrifice one "louse of a human being" who is "no good to anyone" for the benefit of thousands. Out of this scheme he derives his Extraordinary/ Superman theory that states that humans are divided into the ordinary and the extraordinary, the men and the supermen.
Monday, November 11, 2019
Environmental Degradation – Air Pollution
The environmental degradation is the deterioration of environment through depletion of resources, such as soil, water and air. When natural habitats destroyed or natural resources depleted, the environment are degraded. Here's, one example of air pollution which lead to environment degraded in London. London in SE England had the reputation of one of the most polluted cities in Europe in the 1950s. Air pollution had reached such a serious stage that it caused the London Smog in 1952 that caused 4000 deaths and a host of other related ailments among the Londoners. One of the main causes of the serious air pollution was the burning of fossil fuels by the many manufacturing industries producing iron and steel, automobiles, machinery, textiles and food. Coal and Oil were the main sources of fuel for the factories which resulted in the release of carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, smoke, soot and other particulates. Inefficient machinery and obsolete techniques coupled with the improper monitoring worsened the air pollution. the severe air pollution was causing acid rain, smog and health problems. London being the capital city has a very population density and a large volume to transport vehicles such as aircrafts landing and taking off at the Heathrow airport, lorries and buses on the streets, steamships and boats along the Themes River and private cars; all which were burning up coal, petrol and diesel in large quantities. This led to additional pollutants such as carbon monoxide, lead and carbon being released into the air. Fossil fuel combustion was also prevalent in the domestic households. Even fuel wood was burned to provide heating for homes. Inefficient combustion techniques and building construction led to incomplete burning and excessive release of air pollutants such as gases, smokes and particulates. Thermal electricity generation using fossil fuels further contributed to the worsening of the air quality. n addition, ignorance on the part of individuals and the authorities as regards the burning of garbage, accidental fires and burning of forests aggravated the air pollution. The lack of proper monitoring, legislation and implementation of environmental quality laws did little to alleviate the situation, thus leading to serious degradation of air quality with its heavy toll on human life, livestock, fish and vegetation.
Friday, November 8, 2019
Dr Jekell and Mr Hyde essays
Dr Jekell and Mr Hyde essays The term Jekyll and Hyde, now a part of our common language, can be found in most dictionaries. Random dictionary definitions of Jekyll and Hyde include: 1) One who has quasi-schizophrenic, alternating phases of pleasantness an unpleasantness. 2) A person having a split personality, one side of which is good and the other evil. 3) This phrase refers to a person who alternates between charming demeanor and extremely unpleasant behavior. This concept revolves around the experience of Dr. Jekyll, enabled by drinking a potion, into living as his own living side, whom he names Hyde. Stevenson intended Jekylls character to be pronounced Je (French word for I) Kill (Je-Kill = I kill), as an indication that the doctor wanted to isolate the evil portion of himself, appropriately named Hyde, meaning low and vulgar hide or flesh which must hide from civilization. When Robert Louis Stevenson wrote the story Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, he portrayed mans evil nature as a portion of his total makeup, and showed that the evil portion will often express itself more forcefully and powerfully than do the other aspects. Throughout life, a person can develop a sense of the conflict that actually involves ones good and evil natures. Often a persons current actions reflect their childhood experiences. Jekyll, described by Stevenson, born wealthy, grew up handsome, honorable, and distinguished. Yet, throughout much of his life, he commits secret acts which he thoroughly regrets. Early in Jekylls development, Stevenson had him recognize a profound duplicity of life...so profound a double dealer and that man is not truly one, but truly two. Intellectually, he evaluates the differences between his private life and his public life and, ultimately, he becomes obsessed with the idea th ...
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Financial Analysis of Nokia The WritePass Journal
Financial Analysis of Nokia Introduction of Nokia Financial Analysis of Nokia Introduction of NokiaFinancial RatiosProfitability Ratios:Return Ratios:Activity Ratios:Liquidity Ratios or Credit Ratios:Share Holder’s Ratio:ConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction of Nokia Nokia, one of the leading brands in mobile phones, was started by a mining engineer, Fredrik Idestam, in 1865 by making paper from wood pulp mill; a second paper mill was built on Nokianvirta river that gave birth to the present name of this company-Nokia. The company then started different business and mergers and then finally started mobiles business in 1968. Its head office is in Espoo, Finland and currently has almost 132,000 employees worldwide. Its main products (mobile phones, smartphones, mobile computers, Networks) and services (Maps Navigation, media software solutions, music, messaging) are in the field of Telecommunication, Internet computer software. Nokia is selling its products to almost 150 countries globally with annual revenue of over 42 billion euro with 2 billion operating profits and global market share of nearly 35% in 2010. (nokia.com) Nokia did many innovations and has credit to be the world’s No 1. in many of its products and services e.g. worlds first portable NMT car telephone (Nordic Mobile Telephone-NMT) built by Nokia, GSM call, Nokia Tunes, satellite call, brings Internet on mobile. It introduces First 3g Phone, digital hand portable phones supporting data, fax and the Short Message Service, integrated wireless payphone, dual mode AMPS/TDMA phone, high-speed data terminal for wireless networks, WAP handset, introduced the industry first multimedia messaging solution, first 3GPP compliant WCDMA/GSM dual mode phone, first TDMA handsets with full-color displays, mobile handset with a 4GB hard disk which can store up to 3000 tracks, Nokia N95 was the world’s first device combining GPS and wireless broadband (HSDPA/WLAN). From January 2010, high-end car and pedestrian navigation is available for free on Nokia smartphones. (Zacks research, 2011) One can imagine its success and popularity from the fact that till 2005, 2 billion mobiles were sold worldwide and Nokia alone sold its billionth phone in that year. According to Nokia Corporation, ‘Nokia’s story continues with 3G, mobile multiplayer gaming, multimedia devices and a look to the future’ (nokia.com) and â€Å"Nokia’s mission is simple; Connecting People. Our strategic intent is to build great mobile products. Our job is to enable billions of people everywhere to get more of life’s opportunities through mobile.†(nokia.com) Currently, with the invention of many smart android phones, Nokia is facing stiff competition in mobiles market as its sales figures are moving downward. But they are now making changes in their structure and operations that is depicted by their statement, â€Å"Nokia has recently outlined its new strategic direction, including changes in leadership and operational structure to accelerate the company’s speed of execution in a dynamic competitive environment.†(nokia.com)       Critical Discussion of Recent Past Performance – Financial Ratio Analysis Financial analysis helps in establishing a relation between various financial statements’ elements which can then be compared with other information about the business. This also determines the future prospects of the company and the area that needs improvement. The basic purpose is to analyze the current financial position performance of the company according to which a judgement can be made regarding future performance of the business. (Dyson. J.R, 2007) Financial analysis from the point of view of an investor is mostly concerned with the profitability of the company and also the returns what the company pay to their stock holders in the form of dividends and/or right shares and increase in the stock value. (CIMA, 2000) One has to look carefully to the annual accounts of the company and the yearly growth trend in terms of revenues, profit and its market share. For the analysis purpose, consolidated accounts of Nokia i.e. Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement for the last four years from 2007 to 2010 is taken into account and theses figures obtained from the company’s website are given below: Consolidated Income Statement of Nokia for the Year Ended (EURm)                                    2007               2008               2009               2010               Net Sales/ Revenues  51,058            50,710            40,984            42,446 Cost of Sales              33,781            33,337            27,720            29,629 Gross Profit                17,277            17,373            13,264            12,817 Res Dev                 5,636              5,968              5,909             5,288 Sell Ad Exp            5,544              5,664              5,078              4,529 Other Inc                    2,312               420                338                 507 Other Exp                   424               1,195               510                   56 Op Profit                    7,985              4,966              1,197              2,070 Profit Bef Tax            8,268              4,970               962               1,786 Tax                             1,522              1,081               702                 443 Net Profit                   6,746              3,889               260               1,343 (nokia.com) From this income statement, it is observed that Sales are having a decreasing trend from 2007 to 2009 but shows a slightly increase in 2010 and cost of sales, operating profit, earnings per share and the net profit has also the same trends. It means that profitability of Nokia was much better in 2007 that is 6.7 billion euro as compared to 260 million euro in 2009, but it again shows signs of improvement in 2010 and net profit become 1.3 billion euro. Consolidated Balance Sheet of Nokia for the Year Ended (EURm)                                    2007               2008               2009               2010 Assets Cash Eqv                11,992            7,854              9,202              12,653 A/Rec                         11,356            9,545              7,995              7,609 Inventory                   2,876              2,533              1,865              2,523 Other C/A                  3,070              4,444              4,551              4,360 Tot C/A                      29,294            24,470            23,613            27,145 Plant PE                  1,758              1,985              1,822              1,856 Goodwill                    1,384              6,257              5,171              5,723 Tot Assets                  37,599            39,582            35,738            39,123 Liabilities A/Pay                         7,074              5,225              4,950              6,101 Tot C/L                      18,976            20,355            15,188            17,540 Oth/L                         1,285              2,717              5,801              5,352 Tot/Liab                     20,261            23,072            20,989            22,892 Equity                        17,338            16,510            14,749            16,231 Tot Lib Eq            37,599            39,582            35,738            39,123                                                                                                           (nokia.com) The balance sheet gives an idea to investor that how much business is invested by the shareholder’s equity and how much debt is owed. (Dyson. J.R, 2007) It is depicted from these balance sheets of Nokia that approximately 45% business is financed by the equity in 2007 but for the next three years this figure is reduced to around 41%. This shows that company owes more in 2010 as compared to 2007 and its financial position was much better in 2007 compared with 2010. Consolidated Cash Flow Statements of Nokia for the Year Ended (EURm)                                                2007               2008               2009               2010 Net Income                            6,746              3,889               260               1,343 Depreciation                           1,206              1,617              1,784              1,771 Cash from Op Act                 7,882              3,197              3,247              4,774 Cash from Invest                    -710              -2,905             -2,148             -2,421 Cash from Finance                 -3,832             -1,545               -696               -911 Net Change in Cash               3,325              -1,302                378             1,666 (nokia.com) The analysis of Cash flow statement gives true information about profit of a company as it relies on real cash transactions. Income statement can sometime mislead because of insufficient cash flows figures showing on the statement. Investors are mostly interested in cash flow statements before making decision to have a clear picture of the company’s cash transactions. The company’s with plenty of cash availability mostly have fewer problems for expansions or investments for growth, paying off debts or to buy back their own stocks. This cash flow statement shows that Nokia has good position as regard to the cash flow during the year 2007, but it comes to negative figure in 2008 because of losses from investments and finances, but it recovers again in 2009 and makes good progress in 2010. It overall shows that although Nokia had a hard time in 2008 but it picked up again in the subsequent years. Financial Ratios Some financial ratios are calculated as regard to profitability, asset turnover, short term and long term liquidity ratios based on the figures outlined in the Income Statement and balance sheets given above for four years from 2007 to 2010. These ratios and their explanations are given as under: Profitability Ratios: Gross Profit Margin               33.84%           34.26%           32.36%           30.20% Op Profit Margin                   16.19%           9.80%             2.34%             4.21% Net Profit Margin                  13.24%           7.63%             0.63%             3.21% Profitability ratios compare components of income with sales and provide an idea of what makes a business’s income and is expressed as a portion of each sales unit i.e. euro in case of Nokia. These profit margin ratios are different only in terms of numerators and reflect and evaluate performance of different aspects of the company. These all profitability ratios explain the Nokia’s ability to generate the earnings and coverage of its expenses and other costs for the same period (Dyson. J.R, 2007) For Nokia, we observe that Gross profit margin (Gross Profit/ Sales) remains almost equal (30.2% to 34.2%) for the four years in observation, but the operating profit and Net profit margin shows a great fluctuations ( 2.3% to 16.1% in case of op profit and 0.6% to 13.2% for net profit). This means that Nokia has more operating expenses i.e. selling, marketing, RD and administration expenses. Secondly, if we see vertically, in year 2007, the difference between Gross profit and net profit is less (33.84%-13.24%= 20.6%) as compared to subsequent years e.g. in year 2009, the difference is 32.63%-0.63%= 31.73; this shows that in this year there is more operating expenses. But this situation improves a little in 2010 and net profit becomes again 3.21%. Return Ratios: Return on Assets                    17.94%           9.82%             1.00%             3.90% Return on Capital                   54.8%             27.2%             6.7%               7.02% Return on Equity                   53.9%             27.5%             6.5%               8.67% Return ratios are also important profitability ratios. These measures the efficiency with which a business employed its assets, capital and equity for profit generation i.e. amount of profit in relation to investment of total assets. For Nokia, these ratios show that assets are employed more efficiently in the year 2007 and then it has a decreasing trend till 2009 and shows a better position for 2010 as compared to 2009. Activity Ratios: Tot Asset TO                         1.4x                1.3x                1.1x              1.1x Fix Asst TO                           29.0x              25.5x             22.5x            23.1x Inventory TO                         17.8x              20.0x             22.0x             16.8x Activity ratios measures how well the business assets are used i.e. the benefit produced by the company’s assets or how effectively the business investment is being used. The greater the turnover, more effectively the assets are being used (Dyson. J. R, 2007) Liquidity Ratios or Credit Ratios: Current Ratio                         1.5:1                1.2:1             1.5:1              1.5:1 Acid Test Ratio                      1.23:1             0.86:1            1.13:1             1.15:1 These two liquidity or credit ratios measure whether a business can pay off debts or bills from its resources over the next twelve months. Acid test ratio (current assets-inventories/current liabilities) gives a clearer picture than current ratio (current assets-current liabilities) because it shows that business is capable to pay off its current liabilities without selling the inventory because sometimes it becomes difficult to sell the inventory at the time of solvency. Nokia has a good result for these ratios, and shows that the business can easily pay its debts in case there arise any problem. Long Term Solvency Debt/Equity Ratio                  1.17                1.39               1.42                1.41 This debt equity ratio is greater than one, means that Nokia’s most assets are mainly financed by debt than shareholder’s equity (Dyson. J. R, 2007) This ratio shows that how much Nokia is relying on debt. From these figures, it reveals that Nokia is depending more on debt as compared to the equity and this has an increasing trend from 2007 onwards. Share Holder’s Ratio: Earning /share            1.85                1.07                0.24                0.50 The investors have a keen interest in this ratio as this shows that how much business earns in terms of share of stock because if the business earns more, then it can give more to their shareholders. Nokia’s earning per share is 1.85 in 2007 which decreases to 0.24 in 2009 but again shows a good performance in 2010 therefore E/Share increased to 0.50. Other Issues to be Considered in Pursuit of a Potential Investor A potential investor has to do a full market research about the company and the trends of its growth, market reputation, its competition, development growth within the company and within the industry along with the complete examination of the financial statements because an investor not only needs a return on the investment but also wants safety of its funds invested. For financial analysis, one has to consider the revenue generation, operating income from operations, net income, return on equity, balance sheet strength and the competitive advantage over a period of years and also its trend along with the trend of the industry. As far as Nokia Corporation (NOK) is concerned, it is the largest manufacturer of the mobile phones in the world and is the market leader in most of its innovations since 1990’s. But due to the significant increase in the use of smartphones and android phones in the past recent years, Nokia is facing some difficulties for maintaining its same market share as it was before. Global mobile phone sales totalled 269.1 million units in 1st qtr of 2009, decreased 8.8% from 1st qtr of 2008. Smartphone sales were 36.4 million units, an increase of 12.7% from the same time last year. Nokia continued to lead the mobile phone market, but its market share dropped from 39.1% to 36.2% in the 1st qtr of 2008 to 1st qtr of 2009. Smartphones sales are 13.5% of all the mobile devices sold in 2009. (Gartner, May 2009) 5 Year Stock Charts for Nokia Corporation- US (NOK) ( As on 22-04-2011) Source: Businessweek.com Industry Analysis-Year to Date (As on 22-04-2011) Nokia (NOK) Source: Businessweek.com As the consumers are using more smartphones and android phones now a days, therefore its market share are increasing and also the future expectations to use these phones, as is shown in the figures below: Smart Phone Market Share with OS (March, 2011) Source: The Nielson Company (http://tech.fortune.cnn.com) Next Desired Operating System (Consumers planning on getting a new smartphone in the next year) Source: The Nielson Company (http://tech.fortune.cnn.com) Nokia has lost its market share in profitable smartphone segment because of Apple’s iphone and Google’s android phone. In the last few years consumers are moving towards most modern Android phones from Samsung, HTC and prefer less to use the old symbian platform used by Nokia. The Gartner, one research firm expects that android will replace Symbian, and will become the world’s most widely used smartphone this year. Its global market share is expected to be 38.5% as compared to symbian 19.2%. (The Wall Street Journal, Apr 2011) According to Gartner â€Å"By the end of 2011, Android will move to become the most popular operating system (OS) worldwide and will build on its strength to account for 49 percent of the smartphone market by 2012† ( Gartner, Apr 2011) Their prediction table is given below: Worldwide Mobile Communications Device Open OS (Operating System) Sales to End Users by OS ( Thounds of Units) Source: Gartner (April, 2011) In pursuit of fierce competition from other companies like Samsung, Motorola, Apple, Google, HTC and others, some recent developments made by Nokia: Nokia has entered in a fifty-fifty joint venture with Siemens AG after receiving Chinese regulatory clearance in acquiring the wireless network infrastructure assets of Motorolla Solutions Inc. Nokia started using Windows Mobile 7 software in all of its smartphones. (Zack research, 2011) Nokia made a definitive agreement with Microsoft Corp for the development of a smartphone ecosystem. (BBC, 2011) In the first quarter 2011, net revenue was $14,214 million that is increased by 9% year over year. This increase was due to the stronger demand, average selling prices and higher volume sales in most of the regions. (Zack research, 2011) Gartner says, that after Nokia replacing symbian with Microsoft Windows phone operating system, it will not only be able to cut operating cost but also proving better products services to its customers. In 1st qtr of 2011, Nokia’s smartphone share in the global market fell down to 26% from 41% one year ago. The company is also expecting that its 2nd year will also be challenging, but because of the deal with Microsoft ‘there is less uncertainty for investors about the companys future prospects’ (The Wall Street Journal, Apr 2011). This deal will also help Nokia in clearing the hurdles in the way of commercializing the new Windows smartphones as quickly as possible. In the 1st quarter 2011, Nokia’s quarterly revenue was up 9% year over year. The increase was attributable to higher volumes in most regions driven by stronger demand and higher average selling price (ASP). However, gross margin was 29.1% compared with 32% in the last quarter. (Zack Research, Apr 2011) Also Hudson securities said (Apr 2011) that Nokia reported strong results for its 1st quarter 2011 with revenue earning per share more than expectations. According to International human press newswire, Nokia’s global presence is still significant as 1.3 billion people using the Nokia’s phone for connecting every day. The Nokia’s deal with Microsoft seemed to be another â€Å"Blockbuster†, its sales will increase and the prices could go back to 2007. (ITHP, Feb 2011)  Conclusion Nokia (NOK), a Finland based multinational company, is the biggest name in the mobile communication technology. Earlier it was involved in many businesses but from 1992 it concentrated on its communication segment and soon became the market leader in many of its innovations. Nokia’s phones are loved by every sector of the consumers, not only because of their reliability but also because that it is providing the cheapest mobiles with most basic functions and also high quality phones with all the latest functions. Its market share remains above 40% globally till last few years. In 2005, 2 billion mobiles were sold worldwide and alone Nokia sold its billionth mobile in that year. There is a fierce competition in the mobile communication market. Main competitors are Nokia, Apple, Samsung, Google and HTC. All suppliers are making innovations and trying to provide new extra functions or services in the mobiles therefore expectations of the consumers are increasing day by day and in this race many companies are providing new innovative mobiles periodically. From the financial statements of Nokia and the ration analysis, it is examined that Revenues, operating income, profit margin, return on equity, earning per share from 2007 has a decreasing trend till 2009 but all these shows positive developments again from 2010. Current ratio, Quick ratio is also in favour of Nokia. Also, in first quarter 2011, Nokia did very well and more than expectations. Although its overall market share is somewhat decreasing due to the Apple’s iphone and Google’s android phone. But as Nokia did a deal with Microsoft recently for using its windows 7 and producing an ecosystem in mobiles, and also it is doing re-organization of the company, it is expected that it will be able to gain its market share again, still 1.3 billion people are using Nokia worldwide. Therefore, one can invest in Nokia but also need to keep an eye on the growth and development it is making with the passage of time. References BBC News, Nokia and Microsoft form partnership. 11 Feb 2011, online, assessed on April 20,2011, available from bbc.co.uk/news/business-12427680 Business week, April 22, 2011, ‘Information Technology Sector, Communications Equipment Industry’, online, assessed on April 22, 2011, available from http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/earnings/earnings.asp?ticker=NOK:US CIMA. (2000) Management Accounting Official Terminology. London: The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants Dyson, J.R. (2007) Accounting for Non-Accounting Students. Seventh Edition, England: FT Prentice Hall Fortune, CNNmoney.com, ‘Nielsen: Android gains, iPhone slips’ April 26, 2011, online, assessed on Apr 26, 2011, available from http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/04/26/nielsen-android-gains-iphone-slips/ 6.     Gartner Research, May 20, 2009, ‘Gartner Says Worldwide Mobile Phone Sales Declined 8.6 Per Cent and Smartphones Grew 12.7 Per Cent in First Quarter of 2009’, online assessed on Apr 26, 2011, available from gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=985912 Gartner Research, April 7, 2011 ‘Gartner Says Android to Command Nearly Half of Worldwide Smartphone Operating System Market by Year-End 2012’,  online, assessed on Apr 26,2011, available from gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1622614 8. ‘Hudson Securities Reports Strong 1Q11 Results For Nokia’ April 21, 2011, online assessed on Apr 27, 2011, available from http://origin.benzinga.com/analyst-ratings/analyst-color/11/04/1023585/hudson-securities-reports-strong-1q11-results-for-nokia ITHP, International human press newswire, ‘Invest in Nokia?, Feb 2011, online, assessed on Apr 26, 2011, available from ithp.org/articles/nokia.html Nokia website, online, assessed on April 15, 2011, available from nokia.com Reisinger. D, Cnet news, April 26, 2011, ‘ Nielsen: Android gains, iPhone slips’, online, assessed on April 26, 2011, available from http://news.cnet.com/8301-13506_3-20057445-17.html The Wall Street Journal, 21 Apr, 2011, ‘Nokia Lifts Itself Out of the Doldrums’, online, assessed on Apr 26, 2011 available from http://money.uk.msn.com/wall-street-journal.aspx?cp-documentid=157142938 Zacks Research, Business News, ‘Nokia Surprises in 1Q11’ 21-02-2011, online, assessed on April 17, 2011, available from favstocks.com/nokia-surprises-in-1q11/2148356/
Monday, November 4, 2019
Economic cost of illegal migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Economic cost of illegal migration - Essay Example This statistics clearly mentions the height of immigration and its effect on the Americans. Surely, Mexican's will be benefited, if the immigration is allowed into United States because another research states that after export and oil sales, money sent by legal and illegal immigrants working in US is one of the largest revenue streams ('Economic Costs of Legal and Illegal Immigration'). World economic welfare will be severely affected as the nation which donates good amount towards welfare will have to divert its fund towards those immigrants. Economic welfare in the context of immigrants is to provide economic stability and growth to all the legal and illegal immigrants. 2) Monetary Union is a union between countries that use the same currency which is managed by one common central bank (Grauve, 113). Following are the monetary unions which are currently functioning: b) Brunei - Singapore Monetary Union: The currency under operation is Singapore dollar which is utilized by Brunei and Malaysia. Under tripartite arrangement, the currency of one country was circulated in other country (Kee Jin, 2). c) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation: The SAARC was established in 1985 integrating common currency of 'Rupee' among South Asian countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. d) The United States: This monetary union was formed with the congregation of 13 original US colonies utilizing US dollar as the common currency. e) Central American Monetary Union Council - Established in 1964 by the central banks of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicargua in order to promote the coordination of credit and exchange policies and the countries deal in dollar f) Eastern Caribbean Central Bank: The union was created in 1983 managing EC dollar for eight Caribbean countries. g) West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU): WAEMU was formed in 1994 with the congregation of eight countries sharing CFA (Communaute Financiere Africaine) Franc as a common currency. h) Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CAEMC): Was formed with six countries sharing CFA (Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale)Franc as common currency among them (Monetary Unions [Current and Future]). 3) Both, the products of Borden and General Foods are targeted younger generation. The Lady Borden ice cream and cheese has been created to provide them a glimpse of United States culture, their tastes and preference through the packing of cheese whereas the chewing gum ad campaign is made for French citizens which is visible in the ad campaign wherein most of the ads are shot at beach places. France has good number of beaches and the chewing gum spreads the message of refreshness through Hollywood chewing gum. 4) The services provided by IMF and World Bank are public goods as both the organizations deal in urban and rural development, financial assistance and other development programmes aimed at poverty alleviation. The services provi
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Reflecting on Multicultral Education Coursework
Reflecting on Multicultral Education - Coursework Example Multicultural education therefore involves accepting and understanding facts on the cultural expressions and the positive contributions from different groups. Some of the cultural practices seem to be of a great meaning than others but this depends on the society they are involved. It encourages positive contributions of different groups in the society involved, if multicultural education is not thought and spread wide, many people are going to face discouragements from both their skin color, religion, culture and their traditional practices. Raising a point in a place where majority of them are not from your race, the point is being seen as a little valuable since you lack people from your race to offer you a support. So let us be more flexible to learn and appreciate other people despite the differences. Sometimes we fear learning multicultural education since we see it to bring foreign concepts and ideas that will lead to a change in the nation from its old historical norms and make it something different from what is used to be there before (Banks, 1999). This therefore makes people to stand firm and keep watching as none is ready to be the initiator of that change. In doing away with this kind of fear, many nations have come up with new ways of dealing with it. Institutions in the societies such as churches, schools and business organizations are greatly showing their efforts to manage this kind of diversity, since there is a genuine reason as to why we need to relate human differences in which it will help us understand each one of us rightly. Let us know that we all equal. Positive attitudes to learn others peoples culture will help us change our old mentality and behaviors. In the current society, there are many important roles that educators are required to put more efforts on multicultural education. We can not be able to count our educational systems complete is it is not involved in it,
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